Read more about: Medieval History The Templar-Freemason connectionįounded in 1832 at Yale University – one of the most prestigious centres of learning in the US – Skull and Bones is a secret student society that has attracted numerous conspiracy theories over the decades. During the highly esoteric initiation, a new freemason is presented among his peers blindfolded, with a noose around their neck, a trouser leg rolled up, and their left breast exposed.Įvery aspect of this ritual has deeper significance – the blindfold represents darkness before receiving knowledge, the noose signifies the bondage of ignorance, the rolled-up trouser leg demonstrates the initiate is free and unshackled, while exposing the breast is meant to prove the initiate isn’t a woman (though some women-only lodges do exist). Today, ‘Master Mason’ is the highest of the three main degrees of Freemasonry, with the second-highest being ‘Fellow Craft’ and the first degree being ‘Entered Apprentice’. The exact origins of this fraternal organisation are lost in time, though it’s widely believed modern Freemasonry evolved from guilds of actual, practising stonemasons who built castles and cathedrals in the Middle Ages.įreemason lore takes things further, with an allegorical origin story centred around Hiram Abiff, chief architect of Solomon’s Temple, who according to legend was murdered after refusing to divulge the master mason’s secrets. ![]() Read more about: Medieval History 13 things you didn’t know about the Knights Templarįreemasonry is perhaps the world’s most famous secret society, with members grouped in lodges all over the world. Taking a vow of chastity and adopting a largely vegetarian diet was only the tip of the iceberg – some of the more peculiar rules included swearing off shoelaces (which were designated ‘pagan’), asking for permission before adjusting their stirrups, and even being forced to eat off the floor, among the dogs, as punishment for misbehaviour. This governed the smallest details of a Templar’s life, openly stating that a good knight should ‘secretly despise their own will’ and embrace an existence of absolute obedience. Yet, despite the might of the organisation, the brother knights were expected to live humble lives, strictly regulated by a code of conduct known as the Latin Rule. Deriving their name from their headquarters on the former site of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, the Templars grew in wealth and influence, becoming major power players in the medieval world and even establishing what is regarded as the first international banking system. The Knights TemplarĪ feared, revered, much-mythologised fighting force, the order of the Knights Templar was formed in 1119 with the express purpose of protecting Christian pilgrims travelling to the Holy Land. The show premieres Monday, 8 May on Sky HISTORY.įrom a fabled brotherhood of medieval knights to the Victorian organisation dedicated to occult metaphysics, here’s a rundown of the most fascinating secret societies ever to exist. ![]() ![]() Secret Societies: In the Shadows delves deep into the murky history of some of the mysterious secret societies of all time.
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![]() However, the mentalist Joseph Dunninger gave a more logical explanation. Harry Price suggested that the feat was performed by specific placement of the feet. īux's firewalking ability amazed western audiences in the 1930s. Again, his feet were checked before and after the firewalking demonstration. After Bux walked through the coals, a cameraman who had messed up some photographs of the event asked for a retake. It was a very windy day and the surface temperature of the fire was read at 806 degrees Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius) The body of the fire was measured at 2,552 degrees Fahrenheit (1,400 degrees Celsius), which is hot enough to melt steel. Bux's feet were checked before and after the firewalking demonstration to verify that no protective chemicals, topical creams or herbs were used. He walked across a twelve-foot (3.7 m) pit of burning hot coals unscathed. In 1935 Bux demonstrated firewalking in front of an audience of scientists from the University of London Council for Psychical Research and news reporters. Ripley said, "Kuda Bux's feet were not even warm." There is newsreel footage of this event in the TV biography The Incredible Life and Times of Robert Ripley: Believe It or Not! (TBS 1993). Bux allegedly walked back and forth through the pit-twice. According to this account, a three-foot-deep (0.91 m) hole was dug in the Radio City parking lot and wooden logs and bags of charcoal were set on fire in it. : 217 Firewalking Īccording to Robert Ripley, Bux performed a trick in NBC Radio City Studios in Manhattan on 2 August 1938. Bux once cycled along Broadway in New York City while blindfolded. While blindfolded he would read the dates on coins which were held in a spectator's hand, read the fine print of a magazine, thread a needle while covered in a wine barrel, duplicate words he had never seen written, shoot a can on children's heads with a pellet gun and many other tricks, such as those with a blindfold. Observers noted that without a blindfold Bux required reading glasses to read fine print. : 217īux was the star of a 1950 TV series titled Kuda Bux, Hindu Mystic, and his apparent ability to see while blindfolded with dough balls strongly influenced British author Roald Dahl in his short story " The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar", about a man who was taught to develop the same powers. In one of his best known performances he would cover his eyes with soft dough balls, blindfold himself, swath his entire head in strips of cloth, and yet still be able to see. The title story, though, is likely to make up the majority of the film and details how a man named Henry Sugar learns a technique to use magic to influence the world around him.Kuda Bux (17 February 1905 – 5 February 1981), born Khudah Bukhsh, was a Pakistani mystic, magician and firewalker. The stories are a mixed bag of different themes and characters, often considered a bit more “adult” than the likes of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and include such stories as an autobiographical account of how Dahl became a writer. The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar, meanwhile, is a 1977 collection of six short stories from Roald Dahl, published at a variety of different times. Strange in the MCU’s Spider-Man: No Way Home. Cumberbatch, meanwhile, has also garnered plenty of Oscar buzz for his performance in Jane Campion’s The Power of the Dog on Netflix, and he simultaneously maintained his blockbuster status with a high-profile continuation of his role as Dr. His recent The French Dispatch has been hailed as another classic, and will no doubt be up for a bevy of Oscar nominations soon. Not only that, but he’ll be doing it with a top-tier lead actor in the form of The Power of the Dog star Benedict Cumberbatch.Īnderson has kept right on garnering plaudits for his signature visual iconoclasm and perfectly structured filmmaking, which he’s been practicing ever since 1996’s Bottle Rocket. Fox was an adaptation of a lesser-known Dahl work, and the director now seems to have lined up more of the same, as it’s being reported he will take on an adaptation of Dahl’s The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar for Netflix. The director’s well-loved 2009 film The Fantastic Mr. It’s always news when Wes Anderson is attached to an exciting new project, and when that project is another Roald Dahl adaptation, the news can’t help but brim with a sense of whimsy. ![]() In essence, all you need to do it enter any two variables you know and the GPM calculator will determine the third one. To find time - e.g., how long it'll take to fill a pool:Įnter the volume of a container in the first field of the GPM calculator.Įnter the flow rate of water in the last field. You'll find the result in the "Volume" row. This pipe volume formula allows you to find out how to calculate piping volume with any given parameters and from any material and individual sections of a composite pipeline. This function will support you in the estimation when you select the pipes for the gas or water supply needs. The final formula for how to calculate volume of a pipe will look like this: V H x S 2 x 0.0625 0.125 m3 Where: H is the pipe’s wall thickness. Second, it can be used as the pipe capacity calculator. Where: L length of the pipe R1 inner radius R2 outer radius. ![]() First, we have d 28 and 72, so the bend radius r 0.5 (28)/sin (72/2) 23.8182 cm. This pipe volume calculator estimates the volume of a pipe as well as the mass of a liquid that flows through it. A geometric solid tube is generally a cylinder with an end profile represented by an annulus. Reset the water flow rate calculator using the arrow symbol below it. The calculation of the tube volume is done by the formula VR12L. The bend angle is 72 and the bend distance is 28 cm. This calculator will calculate the various properties of a tube, also called a pipe or hollow cylinder, given 3 known values from variables of radii, circumference, wall thickness and height. To find volume - e.g., know how much water you'll use for a 15-minute shower : You can change it to a different GPM unit as you please. You'll find the flow rate in the last field of the gallons per minute calculator. Can be used for complete systems and individual pipe. This calculator will provide the volume in Cubic Inches and Gallons. Input the volume of the liquid in the first field.Ĭhoose the unit of time in which the given volume of water flowed. Pipe Volume Calculator Looking to calculate the volume of liquid flowing through your piping system Use this pipe volume calculator by adding the diameter and estimated pipe length. For a myriad of other units of volume, you may find our separate volume calculator very interesting. To find the flow rate - e.g., when you ask " How many gallons per minute does a shower use?", follow the points below:Ĭhoose the unit in which you will count the volume. ![]() Choose AWS Wickr for Safe and Secure CommunicationsĪWS Wickr is a robust and secure communications platform with a plethora of features designed to meet the needs of different users. It can, however, affect your phone’s data usage, if your phone connects to the Internet via cellular data instead of through a Wi-Fi network or hotspot. As such, Wickr does not affect phone minutes or SMS text limits. Wickr sends all communications (including voice and video calls, text messages, and files) as encrypted data over the Internet to a user’s Wickr ID or email address. Wickr does not require a phone number to work. Wickr also encrypts text messages, voice memos, pictures, files, and anything else that you send through the system. Are Phone Calls in Wickr Encrypted?Īll calls in Wickr, including voice and video calls, are encrypted using our proprietary end-to-end encryption technology. AWS Wickr Basic, Gold, and Silver tiers can do 1:1 voice and video calling, as well as screen-sharing, with both types of users. In Wickr Me, you can only conduct 1:1 voice calls with Out of Network Users. Can I Call Out of Network Users?īoth AWS Wickr and Wickr Me let you call both In Network and Out of Network users. Wickr Me users are considered “Out of Network” to all AWS Wickr accounts. To move someone “In Network,” you must invite them by email to join your network. Someone “Out of Network” is not currently in your network. Someone “In Network” for AWS Wickr is someone in your AWS Wickr network. ![]() To record a voice memo from the desktop app, click to start and click to end. To record a voice memo on your mobile device, tap and hold the microphone icon. Voice memos are fully encrypted and can be up to one minute long. What Are Voice Memos?Ī voice memo is a short spoken message you can send to rooms or conversations. Wickr’s Secure Shredder “sanitizes” deleted data by overwriting that data, thus making it more difficult, if not impossible, for hackers to recover. On most computers and computer platforms, technical experts can use special tools to recover data after it has been deleted. Burn-on-Read is how long a message is allowed to live once it has been read by recipient(s). On the Wickr platform, Expiration is the maximum time a message is allowed to live in a group or 1:1 conversation. What is Expiration and Burn-on-Read (BOR)?įor greater security, Wickr can be configured to delete messages after they’ve been received. Our response to requests for the contents of communications, however, will reflect that the content is not stored on our servers and, because it is encrypted and stored on users’ devices, not accessible to us. In particular, we will respond to requests for user information and notify that user of the request, when legally permitted to do so. Does Wickr Cooperate with the Government or Law Enforcement?Īt Wickr we respect each individual’s right to privacy but are also committed to cooperating with the government and law enforcement. ![]() While we understand and respect that government and law enforcement agencies sometimes need information for investigative purposes, we believe that it is important that they gather this information within the confines of the law and not at the expense of user privacy and security. We seek to enable our users to conduct private communications free from surveillance by a wide variety of actors. ![]() Wickr is founded on the belief that privacy is a fundamental right essential to any democratic society. In particular, Wickr supports devices running: Wickr supports the latest OS versions of most popular computers and mobile devices. Here are ten frequently asked questions submitted by our users - and answered by our skilled tech staff. Our tech support staff quickly responds to individual questions and comments regarding all of Wickr’s products. It’s a sophisticated platform with a large collection of useful features, and sometimes our users have questions about certain features or how things work. WickrPro users)įor more information on downloading Wickr Me to your phone, check out our guide: how to install APK files.AWS Wickr is a secure and easy-to-use encrypted communications solution. We’ve also added support to show when you are in a room or conversation with users outside the WickrMe Network (i.e. Thank you for your continued support of WickrMe! This release focuses on improving the calling experience and fixing bugs. ![]() The name nebulosus is in allusion to the extremely dark, clouded appearance of the boa. Boa nebulosa Murphy & Crutchfield, 2019: 194. ![]() Boa constrictor nebulosus Tipton, 2005: 40.Boa constrictor nebulosus Quick, 2001: 2.Boa constrictor nebulosa Crother, Censky & Kaiser, 1999: 213.Constrictor constrictor orophias Dunn, 1934: 108.Boa diviniloquus Barbour & Amaral, 1924: 129.Constrictor orophias Barbour, 1914: 329.Boa diviniloquax Brown, 1891: 17 (erroneously).Boa diviniloquax Dumeril & Bibron, 1854: 326.Boa diviniloqua Dumeril & Bibron, 1844: 515.Constrictor diviniloquus Gmelin, 1839: 239.Constrictor diviniloquus Linnaeus, 1788: 1083.Constrictor diviniloquus Laurenti, 1768: 108.Serpent de Sainte-Lucie, appele Crocs de chien, Tete de chien Chanvallon, 1763: 100 (Saint Lucian Snake, called Dog’s Fangs, Dog’s Head).Rex Serpentum orientalis, Lamanda dictusSeba, 1734: 110.Imperator de Quadalajara Seba, 1734: 105. ![]()
The foot and ankle are the most common parts of the body to experience a stress fracture because we are constantly on our feet. Insufficiency fractures can sometimes affect younger, otherwise healthy women who exercise excessively, because such activity can lead to irregular or absent menstrual cycles, which in turn affects the strength of their bones. This type of stress fracture is called an "insufficiency fracture" because it happens in a bone that does not have "sufficient" density or strength to withstand normal impact forces. People who have very weak bones from a separate, underlying condition (such as osteoporosis) sustain a stress fracture in the foot even from fairly low-impact activities such as frequent walking.This is particularly the case in athletes who participate in high-impact sports such as running track and field, football, basketball, soccer, tennis, gymnastics or cheerleading. People with healthy bones overuse the foot and ankle by frequent, repetitive motion.Stress fractures generally occur by one of two ways: ![]() Causes of a stress fracture in the foot and ankle Bones that are subjected to repetitive force can experience a similar type of fatigue called a "stress reaction." This increases the risk that the bone will eventually break, that is, suffer a stress fracture. But if you continue to bend it back and forth multiple times, the metal becomes weakened (or "fatigued") and eventually breaks. ![]() If you gently bend a paper clip once, it will not break. The forces that cause a stress fracture in the foot or ankle are similar to those when you bend a paper clip. In a stress fracture, the bone breaks but usually does not shift position (become "displaced"). Stress fractures are common in foot and ankle bones because we continually place force on them by standing, walking, running and jumping. This is different from a traumatic fracture, in which a significant amount of force is applied suddenly, such as in the case of a severe ankle twisting injury, which can cause acute ankle fractures, or in a car collision, when bones in the foot may be broken or crushed). Stress fractures occur when a small or moderate amount of force is applied to a bone repeatedly and over time.
Make sure that housing is tightened by gripping the nib and feed and turning until it's tight.Īlso, the nib and feed are friction-fit into the housing, so it would be advisable to make sure they are fully set into the housing by gripping the nib and feed and pushing them all the way into the housing. The nib and feed are usually part of a screw-out housing, if the housing is not screwed in all the way, it might lead to a leak. In that case, you'll want to make sure that the nib and feed are fully set into the section. If the cloth becomes fully saturated, then we have a leaky nib. Twist a paper towel into a point and wipe the inside of the cap. If there is ink on the grip section, check the inside of the cap. Take a paper towel and wipe the pen to see where it picks up the ink color. What about the opposite? What should you do when your fountain pen is leaking ink?įirst, we need to find out where the excess ink is coming from. So far, we have focused on what to do when your fountain pen won't write and you have little to no ink flow. When a full clean out doesn't help and you don't have the tools or skills to adjust the nib, we recommend reaching out to the manufacturer or the retailer where you purchased the pen for additional help and service. If you need help with cleaning your pen, watch our video on how to clean your fountain pens. If the fountain pen is still not flowing after flooding the feed, then I suggest a full clean out. For extra care and cleanliness, make sure there is a paper towel or scrap paper nearby to catch an accidental ink drop. If the pen is a piston-fill or otherwise, operate the filling mechanism to force ink out - just enough to become visible on the feed. ![]() If it's a cartridge converter, open the pen and turn the converter's knob or squeeze the cartridge. You would accomplish this by accessing your pen's filling mechanism. Flood the feedįlooding the feed forces ink from the reservoir to the nib. If the pen runs dry again, then let's take a more aggressive approach and flood the feed with ink. ![]() The water will reactivate any dried ink in the nib and should get a hard-starting pen started again.Īfter wetting the nib, the ink may come out a little light at first and then return to the color's full saturation. If the shake and tap method don't remedy the poor ink flow, wet the nib with some tap or distilled water. Pressing hard will most likely cause the tines to splay and for ink flow to stop completely. This technique may work for ballpoint pens but spells disaster for fountain pens. An inexperienced writer might be inclined to put additional pressure on the nib when the fountain pen doesn't write. One point we will advise here - Don't PRESS. ![]() Then gently give a tap tap taparoo on the paper with a figure-8 scribble to get that line going again. Give the pen a shake over a paper towel or scrap piece of paper. That's when we can employ a simple technique to encourage ink flow. But, it hasn't reached the tip of the nib just yet. Most likely, there's still more ink in the feed. If there's still ink in the pen but the nib isn't writing, the nib itself might have dried out. ![]() If ink is still sloshing around inside, then we need to move to step 2 and get that ink flowing again. If the reservoir is empty, then it's time to fill up once more. For most cartridge converter pens, you'll want to remove the section from the barrel and check the converter or cartridge to see if there is any more ink in the reservoir. Naturally, a fountain pen won't write anymore if it's completely out of ink. ![]() Its servers are being pushed to the "absolute extreme" to render the images without lag, Gisla said, such that they are shaking through some transitions. It involves 65-million pixel screens which give the impression of the band performing life-size on stage in 3D in real time, with traditional-style concert screens showing close-ups and different views on either side. The Voyage team is tight-lipped about exactly how their show works, but previously confirmed it is not a laser-based hologram either. Dre and Snoop Dogg, 16 years after his death. Shakur then "performed" two songs with Dr. While not meeting the technical definition of a hologram, which uses laser beams to construct an object with depth, the visual effects team projected a 2D image onto an angled piece of glass, which was itself projected onto a Mylar screen, creating a 3D effect. Hundreds of visual effects artists then worked on the show for two years, led by the London branch of Industrial Light & Magic, a visual effects company founded by George Lucas.Ī decade ago, a Coachella performance featuring an apparent hologram of Tupac Shakur impressed audiences and hinted at alternative reality's potential in live shows, with the artist's likeness digitally recreated without using archive footage. It needs to get around 3 million people through its doors to break even, according to Gisla, and the average ticket price is £75.Īfter choosing their set list and making other creative decisions, the ABBA members did five weeks of performance in motion capture suits. The show was in the works for five years and had a £141 million ($174.9 million) budget funded by global investors. ![]() It was constructed on a one meter raised platform without breaking ground, and could be disassembled and reconstructed elsewhere - or stay in place and host another show in future.īut emulating Voyage's model - which sees digital replicas of the four band members perform classic hits and newer numbers for 90 minutes, while also interacting with each other and speaking to the audience between songs - will be no easy task. Personal Loans for 670 Credit Score or Lower Personal Loans for 580 Credit Score or Lower Best Debt Consolidation Loans for Bad Credit He also topped a bunch of the cakes with gold leaf, mango puree, mint leaves and dehydrated avocados and raspberries. At his home kitchen in Mississauga, Placko made a version that uses 1/8 tsp agar, and added sugar and rosewater for flavour. Too little agar and the drop won’t hold its shape, too much and it becomes cloudy and more silicone than raindrop. “Gelatin gives a more elastic texture whereas agar will provide a more crumbly texture, which I think is the effect it’s going for.” He says the key is getting the right balance of water and agar, a jellylike substance derived from seaweed, to achieve that delicate effect so that when you tap it with a spoon, the cake collapses rather than bounces (much like a raindrop). I asked chef John Placko, a molecular cuisine instructor, for some raindrop cake tips. This month, Australian Japanese restaurant Harajuku Gyoza got into the action by making their own sweetened version.īy now you can find online recipes on how to recreate the raindrop cake at home but I wanted to get some local help. Wong, who works at a digital marketing firm, got the idea to bring it to the States. The cake first went viral in 2014 when Japan’s Kinseiken Seika Company made a clear version of its shingen mochi, a soft mochi rice cake topped with roasted soybean flour and syrup. Since I refuse to spend $8 on flavourless jelly, I sought to make my own.īut first, a backgrounder. ![]() The dessert has been making the rounds across international media outlets for the past two months, spurred on by New Yorker Darren Wong, who started selling it for $8 a pop at a Williamsburg (of course) food market called Smorgasburg in April. ![]() After 30 minutes or so, the whole thing is supposed to disintegrate. When bitten, the raindrop yields a soft, melty texture that falls apart rather than giving off a chewy, bouncy, Jell-O-like texture. OK, it’s actually called a raindrop cake and it’s essentially a half-sphere of colourless, flavourless jelly that’s supposed to look-and taste-like a large, freshly fallen raindrop. This year’s answer to the cronut is an edible breast implant. ![]() He had this invention and everybody knocked it back but Grays took it and it does work scientifically.” From a wafer-thin prototype crafted by John Newbery grew a cricket phenomenon.Īt that point Gray Nicolls’ main competition came from bat brands like SP sports, Duncan Fearnley and Stuart Surridge, whose Viv Richards-endorsed “Jumbo” was the only bat to really compare with the Scoop in the popularity stakes. It proved to be money well spent.įorty years later, Swan Richards has particularly fond recollections of Wheeler and the seemingly-crazy idea that propelled the Gray Nicolls brand to unprecedented levels of success and an unimpeachable place in the hearts of cricket nostalgists. The Scoop was a bold re-imagination of conventional bat designs of the times and Gray Nicolls picked up on the idea immediately, agreeing to pay Garner and Wheeler royalties on account of their 18-year patent, which expired in 1990. The concept owed more to golf club design than cricket and the pair’s early advances were rebuffed by a host of other manufacturers. It was during that period, in 1972, that South African golf club engineer Arthur Garner and Cambridge-based golf course designer Barrie Wheeler approached the Gray family with the original idea for a scooped-back bat with perimeter-weighted edges. Swan Richards was right on the spot in 1971 when he took an 18-month crash course in bat-making at Robertsbridge under the master bat craftsmen Len Newbery (“a genius man he was,” says Richards with fondness undimmed by the passing decades) and his son John, then partners in the Gray Nicolls business. ![]() ![]() The company’s roots trace back almost 160 years, when early examples of their bats were used by the likes of WG Grace.Īrriving at the conclusion that cricket’s future would benefit from a splash of colour, Gray Nicolls had pioneered bright red sticker designs in the early 70s, long before the game itself was jolted out of its sepia-toned complacency by World Series Cricket. The precise details of the Scoop’s invention have always been a little scarce, which seems odd given that cricket’s most famous and fondly-recalled bat was hatched in its most famed production house of bats the original Gray Nicolls factory in Robertsbridge, Sussex. “There’s a lot of myths about all this,” says Richards as he casts his eyes over match-used Scoops wielded by the likes of the Chappells, Clive Lloyd, Gordon Greenidge and Lawrence Rowe, all crafted by with his own hands in Gray Nicolls’ first Australian factory in Mordialloc, south of Melbourne. Soon Chappell’s brother Greg followed suit and many more Australians, catapulting one of cricket’s most novel innovations into the realm of fetish object for cricketers around the world. Ian Chappell put that one to work during the 1974-75 home Ashes series in Australia. I explain to Richards that the Gray Nicolls Scoop is currently celebrating its 40th birthday but Swan, nicknamed thus on account of an “elegant” string of eight successive ducks during his time as a club cricketer for Glenelg in Adelaide, needs no prompting to recall the time in 1974 that he himself crafted the first example of the famous bat used in international cricket. Photograph: Courtesy of Swan Richards Photograph: Courtesy of Swan Richards Original Gray Nicolls Scoop drawings by John Newbery. |